2 10 25 https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/5642603cec1ec4c343692d2c6d4c37b8.jpg 96ab4159e79f0b2a3cb41c7798ee6a75 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighting for Democracy: Dominican Veterans from World War II Posters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Immigrants|Dominican Veterans|Dominicans in Politics|Dominicans in the United States|Rafael Leónidas Trujillo|World War II Language A language of the resource English Title A name given to the resource Introduction Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward De Jesús, Principal Investigator / Curator Ruth Lizardi, Coordinator / Assistant Curator Dr. Ramona Hernández, Director, CUNY DSI & Professor of Sociology, The City College of New York Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director Idilio Gracia Peña, Chief Archivist Sarah Aponte, Chief Librarian Jessy J. Pérez, Archivist Jhensen Ortiz, Assistant Librarian Groana G. Meléndez, Photography Editor Norma Guzmán and Donald Mounts, Researchers Dr. Tim Williams, Senior Editor Mariel Acosta, Katie Duarte, Shaday Fermín, and Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Editors John P. Bimbiras, Edward De Jesús, Jhensen Ortiz, Jessy J. Pérez, Sophia Monegro and Natalie A. Studt, Biography Text Writers Isabelia Herrera, Grant Writer Javier Pichardo, Graphic Artist Sponsor: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Sponsor: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at The City College of New York Sponsor: Latino Americans: 500 Years - National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsor: American Library Association Sponsor: New York City Council Sponsor: Smithsonian Latino Center Sponsor: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) Sponsor: The Documentary Forum - CCNY Center for Film, Journalism, and Interactive Media Sponsor: Dominican Students Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24" x 36" panel https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/28439efc7368c17479472f5abfd5adb2.jpg 515b6c34efdb878a22a744d145c93cef Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighting for Democracy: Dominican Veterans from World War II Posters Person An individual. Biographical Text José Adrián Trujillo was born Santo Domingo, Dominican republic in 1925; specific date unknown. he was the adopted son of Aníbal Trujillo, brother of dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo. He came to the U.S. on May 19, 1943. he attended the New York Military Academy before enlisting in the U.S. Army in August 1944, serving two years as a Private. He was honorably discharged in October 1946, having been awarded the American Theater Campaign and Good Conduct Ribbons. Driving from New York towards Miami, Trujillo, accompanied by his childhood friend, Louis Todd, stopped to eat at the Green Tile Cafe in Bunnell, Florida. The stop ended tragically for Trujillo. It was shortly before midnight on November 1, 1946. Trujillo was only 20 years old. The Private laid in Cadillac, bleeding out from a fatal gun-shot fired by Deputy Sheriff Miller Robert Teters. Trujillo and his friend were refused service at the "whites only" café. The restaurant owner and waiters had referred to Trujillo and his friends as "Negroes" and had asked them to leave. They all argued. Trujillo and his friend insisted on being served. Deputy Teters was called to the scene. When the deputy arrived, he approached Trujillo who was inside his Cadillac, parked outside of the café. officer Teters claimed that when approached, Trujillo had drawn a pistol and refused to put it away after being asked twice. Deputy Teters then shot Trujillo in the chest, killing him instantly. Teters was later exonerated after a jury ruled that he had fired in self-defense. These Kinds of events were common in the South under the then-prevalent Jim Crow laws. Most local newspapers wrote that Trujillo simply did not understand his status under Jim Crow. However, Dominican and U.S. national newspapers were in an uproar, with headlines reading " Dominican Killed For Negro," "Death Penalty For Color," and "Dominicans in rage." A month later, after Trujillo's fatal encounter, President Harry S. Truman, concerned with racial discrimination- some suggest in part due to the death of Trujillo-created a national committee to recommend changes to civil rights laws. In 1948, segregation in the military was outlawed, but this was of little significance to General Aníbal Trujillo who committed suicide shortly after suffering a mental breakdown spurred by the news of his son's tragic death in the U.S. Trujillo served honorably in the U.S. military and risked his life to help end prejudice; ironically, he lost his life to the United States' own racial discrimination, while racial discrimination also existed under his uncle's regime in the Dominican Republic. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Archivo General de la Nación, Dominican Republic and the Flagler County Historical Society Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Immigrants|Dominican Veterans|Dominicans in Politics|Dominicans in the United States|Rafael Leónidas Trujillo|World War II Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925-1946 Title A name given to the resource José Adrián Trujillo Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward De Jesús, Principal Investigator / Curator Ruth Lizardi, Coordinator / Assistant Curator Dr. Ramona Hernández, Director, CUNY DSI & Professor of Sociology, The City College of New York Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director Idilio Gracia Peña, Chief Archivist Sarah Aponte, Chief Librarian Jessy J. Pérez, Archivist Jhensen Ortiz, Assistant Librarian Groana G. Meléndez, Photography Editor Norma Guzmán and Donald Mounts, Researchers Dr. Tim Williams, Senior Editor Mariel Acosta, Katie Duarte, Shaday Fermín, and Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Editors John P. Bimbiras, Edward De Jesús, Jhensen Ortiz, Jessy J. Pérez, Sophia Monegro and Natalie A. Studt, Biography Text Writers Isabelia Herrera, Grant Writer Javier Pichardo, Graphic Artist Sponsor: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Sponsor: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at The City College of New York Sponsor: Latino Americans: 500 Years - National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsor: American Library Association Sponsor: New York City Council Sponsor: Smithsonian Latino Center Sponsor: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) Sponsor: The Documentary Forum - CCNY Center for Film, Journalism, and Interactive Media Sponsor: Dominican Students Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24" x 36" panel https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/5d9912b06180ba7b16148d8b2fbbb69a.jpg ca109f95fc0d27d358c513bbd0afe11c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource José Adrián Trujillo (1925-1946) https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/6873503c43d7b1fd43c56fe12e6b69a0.jpg dca311633958ce13cea547fb7171d4e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighting for Democracy: Dominican Veterans from World War II Posters Person An individual. Biographical Text Miguel Ángel Escalera was born on January 20, 1921, in La Romana, Dominican Republic. He moved to New York City on July 2, 1940 at the age of 19. During WWII, Escalera enlisted in the U.S. Army on December 3, 1942. He served as a Technician 5th Grade in the 100th infantry Division, helping to supply ammunition to the front lines. In 1944, he was an infantry sergeant and led a platoon of 30 soldiers through Germany. Escalera was awarded the Silver Star Medal of gallantry in action while engaged in combat after saving the lives of his entire platoon in an ambush in Germany. Other decorations include two Presidential Unit Citations, two Combat Bronze Stars, a Combat Expert Infantry Badge, and a medal from the government of France for his role in the liberation of the Town of Bitche. After his service in the military, he worked as a plant manager for the Heifetz Co., a manufacturer of lamp fixtures. In 1957, Escalera moved to Clinton, Connecticut when the company relocated. In Clinton, Escalera joined the American Legion where he became a volunteer assisting older veterans. As a result of his service to his community, Escalera was selected five times to the Board of Selectmen, worked with the town's Board of Ethics, the Affordable Housing Committee, and was a member of the Board of Directors of the Connecticut Historical Commission. He remained an advocate for Clinton's older citizens for more than three decades. In 1990, he received the Clinton Chamber of Commerce Annual Award of Distinction for Public Service; and in 1991, he received a Successful Aging award sponsored by Connecticut Community Care Inc., a nonprofit homecare organization for elderly and disabled people. Today he lives a quiet life with his family. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Escalera Family, Edward De Jesús Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Immigrants|Dominican Veterans|Dominicans in Politics|Dominicans in the United States|Rafael Leónidas Trujillo|World War II Language A language of the resource English Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1921 - Present Title A name given to the resource Miguel Ángel Escalera Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward De Jesús, Principal Investigator / Curator Ruth Lizardi, Coordinator / Assistant Curator Dr. Ramona Hernández, Director, CUNY DSI &amp; Professor of Sociology, The City College of New York Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director Idilio Gracia Peña, Chief Archivist Sarah Aponte, Chief Librarian Jessy J. Pérez, Archivist Jhensen Ortiz, Assistant Librarian Groana G. Meléndez, Photography Editor Norma Guzmán and Donald Mounts, Researchers Dr. Tim Williams, Senior Editor Mariel Acosta, Katie Duarte, Shaday Fermín, and Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Editors John P. Bimbiras, Edward De Jesús, Jhensen Ortiz, Jessy J. Pérez, Sophia Monegro and Natalie A. Studt, Biography Text Writers Isabelia Herrera, Grant Writer Javier Pichardo, Graphic Artist Sponsor: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Sponsor: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at The City College of New York Sponsor: Latino Americans: 500 Years - National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsor: American Library Association Sponsor: New York City Council Sponsor: Smithsonian Latino Center Sponsor: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) Sponsor: The Documentary Forum - CCNY Center for Film, Journalism, and Interactive Media Sponsor: Dominican Students Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24" x 36" panel https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/2ac032fc43a0ad92a693bca7c46a08d4.jpg 2a0c93340ac319fa7d3556db6208de43 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Miguel Ángel Escalera (1921-) https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/5d5ad722f2b3b3ad7f48b0db3e931ae8.jpg f383999e8c426416dfc4484d36a84ade Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighting for Democracy: Dominican Veterans from World War II Posters Person An individual. Biographical Text Silfa was a passionate Dominican anti-Trujillo dissident; he was President of the Dominican revolutionary Party (PRD) headquartered in New York City, organized to support and disseminate opposition to Trujillo's continued dictatorship. In 1947, he travelled to Cuba to join a plot to invade the Dominican Republic and depose the dictatorship; this plot was named Cayo Confites. After the expedition failed, he returned to New York and again congregated exiles against Trujillo's regime. His home became the base of PRD and was the starting point for demonstrations and operations against Trujillo in New York, Washington D.C., and the rest of Latin America from 1949 until 1960. After Trujillo's death, Silfa returned to the Dominican Republic as a member of the PRD on July 5, 1961. He remained involved in Dominican politics until his passing on August 1, 1993. He was buried at Cristo Redentor cemetery in Santo Domingo. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Silfa Family Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Immigrants|Dominican Veterans|Dominicans in Politics|Dominicans in the United States|Rafael Leónidas Trujillo|World War II Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-1993 Title A name given to the resource Nicolás Silfa Canario Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward De Jesús, Principal Investigator / Curator Ruth Lizardi, Coordinator / Assistant Curator Dr. Ramona Hernández, Director, CUNY DSI & Professor of Sociology, The City College of New York Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director Idilio Gracia Peña, Chief Archivist Sarah Aponte, Chief Librarian Jessy J. Pérez, Archivist Jhensen Ortiz, Assistant Librarian Groana G. Meléndez, Photography Editor Norma Guzmán and Donald Mounts, Researchers Dr. Tim Williams, Senior Editor Mariel Acosta, Katie Duarte, Shaday Fermín, and Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Editors John P. Bimbiras, Edward De Jesús, Jhensen Ortiz, Jessy J. Pérez, Sophia Monegro and Natalie A. Studt, Biography Text Writers Isabelia Herrera, Grant Writer Javier Pichardo, Graphic Artist Sponsor: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Sponsor: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at The City College of New York Sponsor: Latino Americans: 500 Years - National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsor: American Library Association Sponsor: New York City Council Sponsor: Smithsonian Latino Center Sponsor: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) Sponsor: The Documentary Forum - CCNY Center for Film, Journalism, and Interactive Media Sponsor: Dominican Students Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24" x 36" panel https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/24ff2d3a1c846b15d084340e0e53e2a1.jpg 54deca42f4a0e7bcd1ba37ab715ee33e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nicolás Silfa Canario (1915-1993) https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/d86d0ea4d25d29f1c7d38f0cd9bee8a6.pdf 1d0a6b50533ef386bbc1ded8c617af80 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Participation of Dominican Veterans in World War II: An Overview Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute at The City College of New York Martin Toomajian Sarah Aponte Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF<br /><br />To download this lesson plan, scroll down to the document viewer below. Click the "Pop-out" button in the top right corner, and another tab will open. In that tab, a Google Docs viewer will open. Go to the top right corner and click the "Open original" button, an icon with an upward arrow in a square. You can click download the PDF in this new tab. Language A language of the resource English Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Participation of Dominican Veterans in World War II: An Overview by Martin Toomajian and the CUNY Dominican Studies Institute is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Middle and high school students Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Biography Dominican History Dominicans in the United States Dominican US Veterans Dominican Race Relations in the US Tuskegee Airmen of World War II World War II https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/7efabd8ab7b817b5c67e531f6a92efe2.jpg 47521f6d5e70449b22d512d92ba83a09 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighting for Democracy: Dominican Veterans from World War II Posters Person An individual. Biographical Text Stephen Hotesse was born on February 11, 1919 in Moca, Dominican Republic. He came to the U.S. at the age of 4 with his mother, Clara Pacheco, and sister, Irma Hotesse. During World War II, Hotesse became a member of the Tuskegee Airmen, the first all-black group of military pilots in the U.S. Armed Forces. He attained the rank of Second Lieutenant in the 619th Bombardment Squadron of the 477th Bombardment Group. Although his group never got the chance to see combat, they fought in the U.S. for the same freedom their fellow service members were fighting for overseas. On April 11,1945, Hotsesse was among 101 black officers arrested for refusing to obey the Jim Crow system. His arrest took place after a series of incidents involving black officers challenging de facto segregeation by entering clubs reserved for white officers only and demanding service at the Freeman Army Airfield, a U.S. Army Air Forces base near Seymour, Indiana. In an attempt to enforce segregation, the base's white commanding officer, Col. Robert B. Selway, issued an order that classified all black officers as "trainees," which barred them from entering any facilities for white officers, and directed all officers to sign a statement verifying that they read, understood, and accepted the order. Hotsesse , along with another 100 officers, refused to sign the statement, risking arrest, and potentially their lives, as disobeying orders from a superior officer during time of war is an act punishable by death. All 101 officers were arrested but later released following pressure from outside organizations. Col. Selway was later removed as commander and replaced with Col. Benjamin O. Davis Jr. Many historians see these events, which occurred 9 years before the Montgomery bus Boycott in which Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks participated, as a preamble to the Civil Rights Movement; they played a significant part in the decision made by President harry S. Truman in 1948 to desegregate the armed forces. Hotsesse 's life was cut short on July 8, 1945 after a B-25 aircraft he copiloted crashed during combat training while flying over the Ohio River near Madison, Indiana, killing two other Tuskegee Airmen officers on board. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Afro American Newspapers / Project Gado, Getty Images, and the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Immigrants|Dominican Veterans|Dominicans in Politics|Dominicans in the United States|Rafael Leónidas Trujillo|World War II Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-1945 Title A name given to the resource Stephen Hotesse Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward De Jesús, Principal Investigator / Curator Ruth Lizardi, Coordinator / Assistant Curator Dr. Ramona Hernández, Director, CUNY DSI & Professor of Sociology, The City College of New York Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director Idilio Gracia Peña, Chief Archivist Sarah Aponte, Chief Librarian Jessy J. Pérez, Archivist Jhensen Ortiz, Assistant Librarian Groana G. Meléndez, Photography Editor Norma Guzmán and Donald Mounts, Researchers Dr. Tim Williams, Senior Editor Mariel Acosta, Katie Duarte, Shaday Fermín, and Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Editors John P. Bimbiras, Edward De Jesús, Jhensen Ortiz, Jessy J. Pérez, Sophia Monegro and Natalie A. Studt, Biography Text Writers Isabelia Herrera, Grant Writer Javier Pichardo, Graphic Artist Sponsor: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Sponsor: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at The City College of New York Sponsor: Latino Americans: 500 Years - National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsor: American Library Association Sponsor: New York City Council Sponsor: Smithsonian Latino Center Sponsor: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) Sponsor: The Documentary Forum - CCNY Center for Film, Journalism, and Interactive Media Sponsor: Dominican Students Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24" x 36" panel https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/1374c8fdc0b9eb495c2dbe13b9eab629.jpg 0ffbebfdd9ecdec3396b56030d7871c9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stephen Hotesse (1919-1945)