2 10 25 https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/42f128d0037c10aa24b5af2fa4ea4f33.pdf 534169cec2d299d3010e74ad4cc070bf Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Global Impact of Dominican Veterans in World War II Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute at The City College of New York Martin Toomajian Sarah Aponte Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF<br /><br />To download this lesson plan, scroll down to the document viewer below. Click the "Pop-out" button in the top right corner, and another tab will open. In that tab, a Google Docs viewer will open. Go to the top right corner and click the "Open original" button, an icon with an upward arrow in a square. You can click download the PDF in this new tab. Language A language of the resource English Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Global Impact of Dominican Veterans in World War II by Martin Toomajian and the CUNY Dominican Studies Institute is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Middle and high school students Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Biography Dominican History Dominicans in the United States Dominican US Veterans Dominican Race Relations in the US Tuskegee Airmen of World War II World War II https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/ab6af6f4d25aa03c83da19d3374efdce.pdf 2e351d687e66db60b5c54593ab07de62 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Challenges Faced by Dominican Veterans in World War II: Stephen Hotesse and José Adrián Trujillo Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute at The City College of New York Martin Toomajian Sarah Aponte Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF<br /><br />To download this lesson plan, scroll down to the document viewer below. Click the "Pop-out" button in the top right corner, and another tab will open. In that tab, a Google Docs viewer will open. Go to the top right corner and click the "Open original" button, an icon with an upward arrow in a square. You can click download the PDF in this new tab. Language A language of the resource English Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Challenges Faced by Dominican Veterans in World War II: Stephen Hotesse and José Adrián Trujillo by Martin Toomajian and the CUNY Dominican Studies Institute is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Middle and high school students Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Biography Dominican History Dominicans in the United States Dominican US Veterans Dominican Race Relations in the US Tuskegee Airmen of World War II World War II https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/d86d0ea4d25d29f1c7d38f0cd9bee8a6.pdf 1d0a6b50533ef386bbc1ded8c617af80 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Participation of Dominican Veterans in World War II: An Overview Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute at The City College of New York Martin Toomajian Sarah Aponte Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF<br /><br />To download this lesson plan, scroll down to the document viewer below. Click the "Pop-out" button in the top right corner, and another tab will open. In that tab, a Google Docs viewer will open. Go to the top right corner and click the "Open original" button, an icon with an upward arrow in a square. You can click download the PDF in this new tab. Language A language of the resource English Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Participation of Dominican Veterans in World War II: An Overview by Martin Toomajian and the CUNY Dominican Studies Institute is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Middle and high school students Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Biography Dominican History Dominicans in the United States Dominican US Veterans Dominican Race Relations in the US Tuskegee Airmen of World War II World War II https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/5642603cec1ec4c343692d2c6d4c37b8.jpg 96ab4159e79f0b2a3cb41c7798ee6a75 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighting for Democracy: Dominican Veterans from World War II Posters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Immigrants|Dominican Veterans|Dominicans in Politics|Dominicans in the United States|Rafael Leónidas Trujillo|World War II Language A language of the resource English Title A name given to the resource Introduction Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward De Jesús, Principal Investigator / Curator Ruth Lizardi, Coordinator / Assistant Curator Dr. Ramona Hernández, Director, CUNY DSI & Professor of Sociology, The City College of New York Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director Idilio Gracia Peña, Chief Archivist Sarah Aponte, Chief Librarian Jessy J. Pérez, Archivist Jhensen Ortiz, Assistant Librarian Groana G. Meléndez, Photography Editor Norma Guzmán and Donald Mounts, Researchers Dr. Tim Williams, Senior Editor Mariel Acosta, Katie Duarte, Shaday Fermín, and Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Editors John P. Bimbiras, Edward De Jesús, Jhensen Ortiz, Jessy J. Pérez, Sophia Monegro and Natalie A. Studt, Biography Text Writers Isabelia Herrera, Grant Writer Javier Pichardo, Graphic Artist Sponsor: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Sponsor: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at The City College of New York Sponsor: Latino Americans: 500 Years - National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsor: American Library Association Sponsor: New York City Council Sponsor: Smithsonian Latino Center Sponsor: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) Sponsor: The Documentary Forum - CCNY Center for Film, Journalism, and Interactive Media Sponsor: Dominican Students Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24" x 36" panel https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/caa5af8a364cdf03b8b3c60744417994.jpg 2add7970117ae034bf6e32afa92abb41 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighting for Democracy: Dominican Veterans from World War II Posters Person An individual. Biographical Text Antonio Claudio Martínez was born on September 7, 1926 in Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic. He lived there until he was six years old, when he migrated to the United States with his mother. He attended De Witt Clinton High School in the Bronx and after graduating in 1944, with World War II still raging, he enlisted in the U.S. Army. On September 1, 1945, Martínez was deployed to Manila, Philippines where he served in the Headquarters of the Army Forces, Western Pacific for more that a year. He remained on active duty until December 26, 1946 when he was honorably discharged as a private First Class. Martínez was highly decorated for his service in the Army receiving various important awards, including the American Theater Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific theater Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, Philippine Independence Medal, and Meritorious Service Unit Plague. After serving, he visited the Dominican republic in 1946. There he witnessed the oppression of the Dominican people under the Trujillo regime. Upon returning to New York he joined Dominican exiles in participating in anti-Trujillo rallies, writing articles against the dictatorship, and providing legal and immigration assistance to those who opposed and actively participated in the movement against Trujillo. In 1949, Martinez joined the Army Reserves. In January 1950, he graduated with a bachelor's degree in Economics from Hunter College. By the time his contract with the Army Reserves ended in November of 1952, Martinez had risen to the rank of Sergeant. By then, he had also begun attending Brooklyn Law School, graduating in 1956. Martínez became the first person of Dominican descent licensed to practice law in New York State. With his law degree in hand, Martínez decided to practice immigration law, helping thousands of immigrants through the naturalization process for almost four decades of professional practice and civic involvement. Martínez succeeded in setting at least two legal practice and civic involvement. Martínez succeeded in setting at least two legal precedents in cases regarding U.S. immigration: Matter of Luna and Corniel-Rodriguez v. Immigration and Naturalization Service. Martínez died on December 16, 1999. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Martínez Family Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Immigrants|Dominican Veterans|Dominicans in Politics|Dominicans in the United States|Rafael Leónidas Trujillo|World War II Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1926-1999 Title A name given to the resource Antonio Claudio Martínez Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward De Jesús, Principal Investigator / Curator Ruth Lizardi, Coordinator / Assistant Curator Dr. Ramona Hernández, Director, CUNY DSI & Professor of Sociology, The City College of New York Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director Idilio Gracia Peña, Chief Archivist Sarah Aponte, Chief Librarian Jessy J. Pérez, Archivist Jhensen Ortiz, Assistant Librarian Groana G. Meléndez, Photography Editor Norma Guzmán and Donald Mounts, Researchers Dr. Tim Williams, Senior Editor Mariel Acosta, Katie Duarte, Shaday Fermín, and Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Editors John P. Bimbiras, Edward De Jesús, Jhensen Ortiz, Jessy J. Pérez, Sophia Monegro and Natalie A. Studt, Biography Text Writers Isabelia Herrera, Grant Writer Javier Pichardo, Graphic Artist Sponsor: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Sponsor: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at The City College of New York Sponsor: Latino Americans: 500 Years - National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsor: American Library Association Sponsor: New York City Council Sponsor: Smithsonian Latino Center Sponsor: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) Sponsor: The Documentary Forum - CCNY Center for Film, Journalism, and Interactive Media Sponsor: Dominican Students Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24" x 36" panel https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/ff73e32b64b1777d12ba6c6f642c93cf.jpg 01f0a77795d3ec23ae4a617d0d764f62 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighting for Democracy: Dominican Veterans from World War II Posters Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Immigrants|Dominican Veterans|Dominicans in Politics|Dominicans in the United States|Rafael Leónidas Trujillo|World War II Language A language of the resource English Title A name given to the resource Dominican Veterans Identified Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward De Jesús, Principal Investigator / Curator Ruth Lizardi, Coordinator / Assistant Curator Dr. Ramona Hernández, Director, CUNY DSI & Professor of Sociology, The City College of New York Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director Idilio Gracia Peña, Chief Archivist Sarah Aponte, Chief Librarian Jessy J. Pérez, Archivist Jhensen Ortiz, Assistant Librarian Groana G. Meléndez, Photography Editor Norma Guzmán and Donald Mounts, Researchers Dr. Tim Williams, Senior Editor Mariel Acosta, Katie Duarte, Shaday Fermín, and Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Editors John P. Bimbiras, Edward De Jesús, Jhensen Ortiz, Jessy J. Pérez, Sophia Monegro and Natalie A. Studt, Biography Text Writers Isabelia Herrera, Grant Writer Javier Pichardo, Graphic Artist Sponsor: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Sponsor: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at The City College of New York Sponsor: Latino Americans: 500 Years - National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsor: American Library Association Sponsor: New York City Council Sponsor: Smithsonian Latino Center Sponsor: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) Sponsor: The Documentary Forum - CCNY Center for Film, Journalism, and Interactive Media Sponsor: Dominican Students Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24" x 36" panel https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/8c7a150c6207980a8425e58854454b98.jpg 39e3e53cfe6dcc57d8322c96c092b67a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighting for Democracy: Dominican Veterans from World War II Posters Person An individual. Biographical Text Federico ("Gugu") Henríquez Vazquez was born on December 6, 1921 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. As a child, Henriquez developed a passion for sports and, already under the oppressive Trujillo dictatorship, became a major figure in Dominican basketball. He was captain of the famous basketball team "Los Mosqueteros del Normal Superior," leading them to victory in Puerto Rico and taking home the "Filo Paniagua" trophy. After finding out about his son's involvement in clandestine activities against Trujillo's regime, Henríquez father- concerned for his son's safety-advised him to leave the country. Henriquez moved to the U.S., arriving in New York on July26, 1941, where he settled. He worked as a swim instructor until the attacks on Pearl harbor, after which he joined the U.S. navy. Shortly afterward, he married Dominican singer and actress Monica Boyar, a woman who also shared Henriquez passion for democracy and clandestine struggle against Trujillo. While in the Navy, he served in the Pacific Theater as a Gunner's mate Third Class in the USS LST 623. He also participated in the landings of Leyte, Lingayen Gulf, and Palawan Island, fighting to liberate the Philippines from the Japanese occupation. After WWII, Henríquez continued his activism against the tyranny of Trujillo in his native Dominican Republic. Henríquez joined the group involved in Cayo Confites, the largest known attempt organized to invade the Dominican Republic and overthrow Trujillo in 1947. The Cayo Confites plot failed but Henríquez was determined to continue the struggle. Two years later, Henríquez joined another group who were plotting to liberate the Dominican Republic from Trujillo. The Luperon Expedition, part of larger expedition that attempted to dispose of Trujillo's regime, traveled from Guatemala in a seaplane fro eleven hours and landed on the commune of Luperon, Province of Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic on June 23, 1949. Trujillo's military was on the alert and, weapons ready, were waiting for the freedom fighters to arrive. The seaplane landed; Henríquez and a fellow freedom fighter were captured by the dictator's military. Once Trujillo gave the kill order, Henríquez and the other captured insurgent were taken into the outskirts of town where they were executed in cold blood. Henríquez remains lie in the mausoleum for the fallen heroes of the Luperon Expedition in the Maximo Gomez cemetery in Santo Domingo. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Enrique Henríquez Garcia, the National Archives and Records Administration and Jhensen Ortiz Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Immigrants|Dominican Veterans|Dominicans in Politics|Dominicans in the United States|Rafael Leónidas Trujillo|World War II Language A language of the resource English Title A name given to the resource Federico H. Henríquez Vázquez Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward De Jesús, Principal Investigator / Curator Ruth Lizardi, Coordinator / Assistant Curator Dr. Ramona Hernández, Director, CUNY DSI & Professor of Sociology, The City College of New York Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director Idilio Gracia Peña, Chief Archivist Sarah Aponte, Chief Librarian Jessy J. Pérez, Archivist Jhensen Ortiz, Assistant Librarian Groana G. Meléndez, Photography Editor Norma Guzmán and Donald Mounts, Researchers Dr. Tim Williams, Senior Editor Mariel Acosta, Katie Duarte, Shaday Fermín, and Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Editors John P. Bimbiras, Edward De Jesús, Jhensen Ortiz, Jessy J. Pérez, Sophia Monegro and Natalie A. Studt, Biography Text Writers Isabelia Herrera, Grant Writer Javier Pichardo, Graphic Artist Sponsor: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Sponsor: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at The City College of New York Sponsor: Latino Americans: 500 Years - National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsor: American Library Association Sponsor: New York City Council Sponsor: Smithsonian Latino Center Sponsor: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) Sponsor: The Documentary Forum - CCNY Center for Film, Journalism, and Interactive Media Sponsor: Dominican Students Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24" x 36" panel https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/5d5ad722f2b3b3ad7f48b0db3e931ae8.jpg f383999e8c426416dfc4484d36a84ade Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighting for Democracy: Dominican Veterans from World War II Posters Person An individual. Biographical Text Silfa was a passionate Dominican anti-Trujillo dissident; he was President of the Dominican revolutionary Party (PRD) headquartered in New York City, organized to support and disseminate opposition to Trujillo's continued dictatorship. In 1947, he travelled to Cuba to join a plot to invade the Dominican Republic and depose the dictatorship; this plot was named Cayo Confites. After the expedition failed, he returned to New York and again congregated exiles against Trujillo's regime. His home became the base of PRD and was the starting point for demonstrations and operations against Trujillo in New York, Washington D.C., and the rest of Latin America from 1949 until 1960. After Trujillo's death, Silfa returned to the Dominican Republic as a member of the PRD on July 5, 1961. He remained involved in Dominican politics until his passing on August 1, 1993. He was buried at Cristo Redentor cemetery in Santo Domingo. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Silfa Family Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Immigrants|Dominican Veterans|Dominicans in Politics|Dominicans in the United States|Rafael Leónidas Trujillo|World War II Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-1993 Title A name given to the resource Nicolás Silfa Canario Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward De Jesús, Principal Investigator / Curator Ruth Lizardi, Coordinator / Assistant Curator Dr. Ramona Hernández, Director, CUNY DSI & Professor of Sociology, The City College of New York Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director Idilio Gracia Peña, Chief Archivist Sarah Aponte, Chief Librarian Jessy J. Pérez, Archivist Jhensen Ortiz, Assistant Librarian Groana G. Meléndez, Photography Editor Norma Guzmán and Donald Mounts, Researchers Dr. Tim Williams, Senior Editor Mariel Acosta, Katie Duarte, Shaday Fermín, and Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Editors John P. Bimbiras, Edward De Jesús, Jhensen Ortiz, Jessy J. Pérez, Sophia Monegro and Natalie A. Studt, Biography Text Writers Isabelia Herrera, Grant Writer Javier Pichardo, Graphic Artist Sponsor: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Sponsor: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at The City College of New York Sponsor: Latino Americans: 500 Years - National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsor: American Library Association Sponsor: New York City Council Sponsor: Smithsonian Latino Center Sponsor: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) Sponsor: The Documentary Forum - CCNY Center for Film, Journalism, and Interactive Media Sponsor: Dominican Students Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24" x 36" panel https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/28439efc7368c17479472f5abfd5adb2.jpg 515b6c34efdb878a22a744d145c93cef Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighting for Democracy: Dominican Veterans from World War II Posters Person An individual. Biographical Text José Adrián Trujillo was born Santo Domingo, Dominican republic in 1925; specific date unknown. he was the adopted son of Aníbal Trujillo, brother of dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo. He came to the U.S. on May 19, 1943. he attended the New York Military Academy before enlisting in the U.S. Army in August 1944, serving two years as a Private. He was honorably discharged in October 1946, having been awarded the American Theater Campaign and Good Conduct Ribbons. Driving from New York towards Miami, Trujillo, accompanied by his childhood friend, Louis Todd, stopped to eat at the Green Tile Cafe in Bunnell, Florida. The stop ended tragically for Trujillo. It was shortly before midnight on November 1, 1946. Trujillo was only 20 years old. The Private laid in Cadillac, bleeding out from a fatal gun-shot fired by Deputy Sheriff Miller Robert Teters. Trujillo and his friend were refused service at the "whites only" café. The restaurant owner and waiters had referred to Trujillo and his friends as "Negroes" and had asked them to leave. They all argued. Trujillo and his friend insisted on being served. Deputy Teters was called to the scene. When the deputy arrived, he approached Trujillo who was inside his Cadillac, parked outside of the café. officer Teters claimed that when approached, Trujillo had drawn a pistol and refused to put it away after being asked twice. Deputy Teters then shot Trujillo in the chest, killing him instantly. Teters was later exonerated after a jury ruled that he had fired in self-defense. These Kinds of events were common in the South under the then-prevalent Jim Crow laws. Most local newspapers wrote that Trujillo simply did not understand his status under Jim Crow. However, Dominican and U.S. national newspapers were in an uproar, with headlines reading " Dominican Killed For Negro," "Death Penalty For Color," and "Dominicans in rage." A month later, after Trujillo's fatal encounter, President Harry S. Truman, concerned with racial discrimination- some suggest in part due to the death of Trujillo-created a national committee to recommend changes to civil rights laws. In 1948, segregation in the military was outlawed, but this was of little significance to General Aníbal Trujillo who committed suicide shortly after suffering a mental breakdown spurred by the news of his son's tragic death in the U.S. Trujillo served honorably in the U.S. military and risked his life to help end prejudice; ironically, he lost his life to the United States' own racial discrimination, while racial discrimination also existed under his uncle's regime in the Dominican Republic. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Archivo General de la Nación, Dominican Republic and the Flagler County Historical Society Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Immigrants|Dominican Veterans|Dominicans in Politics|Dominicans in the United States|Rafael Leónidas Trujillo|World War II Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925-1946 Title A name given to the resource José Adrián Trujillo Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward De Jesús, Principal Investigator / Curator Ruth Lizardi, Coordinator / Assistant Curator Dr. Ramona Hernández, Director, CUNY DSI & Professor of Sociology, The City College of New York Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director Idilio Gracia Peña, Chief Archivist Sarah Aponte, Chief Librarian Jessy J. Pérez, Archivist Jhensen Ortiz, Assistant Librarian Groana G. Meléndez, Photography Editor Norma Guzmán and Donald Mounts, Researchers Dr. Tim Williams, Senior Editor Mariel Acosta, Katie Duarte, Shaday Fermín, and Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Editors John P. Bimbiras, Edward De Jesús, Jhensen Ortiz, Jessy J. Pérez, Sophia Monegro and Natalie A. Studt, Biography Text Writers Isabelia Herrera, Grant Writer Javier Pichardo, Graphic Artist Sponsor: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Sponsor: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at The City College of New York Sponsor: Latino Americans: 500 Years - National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsor: American Library Association Sponsor: New York City Council Sponsor: Smithsonian Latino Center Sponsor: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) Sponsor: The Documentary Forum - CCNY Center for Film, Journalism, and Interactive Media Sponsor: Dominican Students Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24" x 36" panel https://staging.ccnydigitalscholarship.org/dominican-veterans/files/original/7efabd8ab7b817b5c67e531f6a92efe2.jpg 47521f6d5e70449b22d512d92ba83a09 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighting for Democracy: Dominican Veterans from World War II Posters Person An individual. Biographical Text Stephen Hotesse was born on February 11, 1919 in Moca, Dominican Republic. He came to the U.S. at the age of 4 with his mother, Clara Pacheco, and sister, Irma Hotesse. During World War II, Hotesse became a member of the Tuskegee Airmen, the first all-black group of military pilots in the U.S. Armed Forces. He attained the rank of Second Lieutenant in the 619th Bombardment Squadron of the 477th Bombardment Group. Although his group never got the chance to see combat, they fought in the U.S. for the same freedom their fellow service members were fighting for overseas. On April 11,1945, Hotsesse was among 101 black officers arrested for refusing to obey the Jim Crow system. His arrest took place after a series of incidents involving black officers challenging de facto segregeation by entering clubs reserved for white officers only and demanding service at the Freeman Army Airfield, a U.S. Army Air Forces base near Seymour, Indiana. In an attempt to enforce segregation, the base's white commanding officer, Col. Robert B. Selway, issued an order that classified all black officers as "trainees," which barred them from entering any facilities for white officers, and directed all officers to sign a statement verifying that they read, understood, and accepted the order. Hotsesse , along with another 100 officers, refused to sign the statement, risking arrest, and potentially their lives, as disobeying orders from a superior officer during time of war is an act punishable by death. All 101 officers were arrested but later released following pressure from outside organizations. Col. Selway was later removed as commander and replaced with Col. Benjamin O. Davis Jr. Many historians see these events, which occurred 9 years before the Montgomery bus Boycott in which Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks participated, as a preamble to the Civil Rights Movement; they played a significant part in the decision made by President harry S. Truman in 1948 to desegregate the armed forces. Hotsesse 's life was cut short on July 8, 1945 after a B-25 aircraft he copiloted crashed during combat training while flying over the Ohio River near Madison, Indiana, killing two other Tuskegee Airmen officers on board. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Afro American Newspapers / Project Gado, Getty Images, and the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Subject The topic of the resource Dominican Immigrants|Dominican Veterans|Dominicans in Politics|Dominicans in the United States|Rafael Leónidas Trujillo|World War II Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-1945 Title A name given to the resource Stephen Hotesse Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward De Jesús, Principal Investigator / Curator Ruth Lizardi, Coordinator / Assistant Curator Dr. Ramona Hernández, Director, CUNY DSI & Professor of Sociology, The City College of New York Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director Idilio Gracia Peña, Chief Archivist Sarah Aponte, Chief Librarian Jessy J. Pérez, Archivist Jhensen Ortiz, Assistant Librarian Groana G. Meléndez, Photography Editor Norma Guzmán and Donald Mounts, Researchers Dr. Tim Williams, Senior Editor Mariel Acosta, Katie Duarte, Shaday Fermín, and Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, Editors John P. Bimbiras, Edward De Jesús, Jhensen Ortiz, Jessy J. Pérez, Sophia Monegro and Natalie A. Studt, Biography Text Writers Isabelia Herrera, Grant Writer Javier Pichardo, Graphic Artist Sponsor: CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Sponsor: Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at The City College of New York Sponsor: Latino Americans: 500 Years - National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsor: American Library Association Sponsor: New York City Council Sponsor: Smithsonian Latino Center Sponsor: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (Centro) Sponsor: The Documentary Forum - CCNY Center for Film, Journalism, and Interactive Media Sponsor: Dominican Students Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24" x 36" panel